Attachment Theory A Deep Emotional Bond - 775 Words

Attachment theory is a deep emotional bond that connects the child to the caregiver across time and space. The child is attached by specific behaviors in children, such a seeking proximity with a primary caregiver when the parent is upset or threatened. The types of attachment styles are secure attachment; Preoccupied attachment; Dismissing Attachment; and â€Å"Unresolved for Trauma or Loss’ Attachment (Levy, Ellison, Scott, Bernecker, 2011). The Secure attachment are when children or adults are open to explore their surroundings and relationships. People tend to be open, collaborative, committed, compliant, trusting of therapists, and able to integrate their therapist’s comments (Levy, Ellison, Scott, Bernecker, 2011). Children form an emotional attachment to an adult who is attuned to them, who is sensitive and responsive in their interactions with adults. During the second year, the child begins to use this adult as a secure base from which to explore the world and become more independent. Secure attachment has been linked with positive development outcome for children in many areas (Siegel, 2014). Children are emotionally attuned, and have consistent continent communication with their parents or caregivers (Siegel, 2014). Preoccupied Attachment are clients that are interpersonally engaged, they are easier to treat. They are eager to discuss their worries and relationship difficulties as well as their personal problems. Clients tend to make chaotic and contradictoryShow MoreRelatedSecure Attachment Relationship Between Young Children And Their Families898 Words   |  4 PagesSecure Attachment Relationship The mother is usually the first and primary object of attachment for an infant, but in many cultures, babies become just as attached to their fathers, siblings, and grandparents. When infants are attached to their caregivers, they gain a secure base from which babies can explore their environment and a haven of safety to return to when they are afraid. Attachment begins with physical touching and cuddling between infant and parent. Some babies become secure or insecureRead MoreHow Do Attachments in Early Childhood Can Have Positive and Negative Consequences?1363 Words   |  6 Pages Maccoby defines attachment as `a relatively enduring emotional tie to a specific other person. Human infants seem to have an innate sense of willingness to form attachment relationships almost instantly. This bonding is naturally a two way process. One of the most influential psychologists in the field of attachments is John Bowlby. Bowlby performed his elementary psychological studies in the late 1960s, which undoubtedly caused a stir amongst close families and the setting of the timesRead MoreThe Building Blocks Of A Lasting Love1153 Words   |  5 Pagespassion, commitment and lust. â€Å"A strong dose of all three components [of love] typifies, for many of us, an ideal relationship† (Triangular Theory of Love). If an appropriate balance is maintained a relationship can reach nirvana, referred to as consummate love. Intimacy creates a deep emotional bond due to a hormone in the human brain known as oxytocin, after this bond is created passion deepens and commitment is soon to follow. Romantic love would not exist without the presence of intimacy; the hormoneRead MoreBiography Of Edward John Mostyn Bowlby1690 Words   |  7 Pagesprimary caregiver from birth was indeed his nanny she departed the family when he was f our years old, he developed a secure attachment to his nanny and this caused him the feel deep loss when she left. Bowlby began to grieve this loss and began to believe that separation from the family at such a young age had further consistencies in later life. This is where his theory of attachment first began. (youtube www.madadamfilm.co.uk 2015) Bowlby started his career as a psychologist at Trinity College.Read MoreThe New Zealand Experience 1985 Essay1634 Words   |  7 Pagesmother goes through a deep recollection of how her youngest daughter was given birth and all the times the mother had to tend to her daughters needs during her first 10 years of her daughters premature birth. The mother recollecting the memory of her daughter’s birth shows that the Parental Developmental Theory (PDT) is in place and having the need to tend to her daughters every need develops an attachment from the daughter to her mother. The first Parental Role Development theory was made by MowderRead MoreThe Theory Of Attachment Theory1510 Words   |  7 PagesAttachment theory was advanced in 1951 by British psychoanalyst and psychiatrist John Bowlby. According to this theory infants have an inborn need to be close to their main caretaker. If the attachment is deprived from an infant Bowlby argued that the infant could suffer from negative impacts on their development. This could possibly imply that children places in early daycare will later in life suffer consequences for this. The basis of attachment theory can be linked to Sigmung Freud s (1926)Read MoreSeparation And Divorce : Common Phenomena1429 Words   |  6 Pagescomes with it. Separation can destabilize the inclination that the globe or the world is safe and predictable. For young people and children, particularly younger children, the family is their world. It is the fundamental structure for providing the emotional, physical and social framework they need to develop an understanding of who they are. Children might face many losses including the loss of the family they once knew, they may loose time with parent, extended family, their family home, a pet, theyRead MoreAttachment Between An Infant And A Caregiver1278 Words   |  6 PagesAmbivalent and Disorganized Attachment Theories Attachment between an Infant and a Caregiver Human nature has evolved in ways that allow for people to develop deep connections with one another. These connections are always extremely vulnerable in the very early stages of our infancy. From the moment we are born, we innately seek to forge an attachment with our caregivers; mostly because without it, we would not survive. Evidently, we are biologically programmed to bond with our mothers (or closestRead MoreJohn Bowlby1253 Words   |  6 Pagestunnel. The thirteen weeks of a term may just as well be thirteen years.’ It is quite clear that John’s childhood was not a happy one. He experienced many years of separation from family and it can be connected as to why he developed the theory of attachment. Edward John Mostyn Bowlby, known as John Bowlby, was born in 1907 in London as the fourth of six children. His parents were Sir Anthony Bowlby and Lady May Bowlby. John Bowlby was from an upper class wealthy family. They raisedRead MoreAttachment, A Deep And Emotional Bond1477 Words   |  6 PagesWhen we consider the term attachment we may look to John Bowlby for an explanation who stated that ‘attachment is a deep and emotional bond that connects one person to another through space and time’ this is a great analogy, however what we do know about attachment is that it can be one sided, it is possible for one person to attach themselves or create a bond with a person that doesn’t reciprocate their feelings. An attachment may be considered as a likeness or kinship when the feeling is mutual

Social Policy Essay - 6100 Words

1.1 Identify key historical landmarks in social welfare focusing on the period upto 1945. During the period of 1900s to 1945s, there was various significant landmarks which focused on the social welfare of the people in the United Kingdom. The Uk government launched various welfare programmes through the social welfare provision, financial abet or social security which refers to a programme having the main objective is to provide a minimum level of the income to the people who don’t have financial support, employment and those who are elderly and disabled. Many researchers reveal that the rate of the poverty is high so the government had a responsibility towards the moral obligation of the people and those projects were†¦show more content†¦Social welfare refers to all the programme governed by the government for the provision of a minimum level of income ,service and other various support to the people who are old, student, disabled, poor, unpaid workers- mothers amp; care givers and other minority groups. The political ideology has four aspects: liberal, egalitarian, communitarian and meritocracy/ opportunity. Liberal liegalitarians was introduced for the post-war social democracy Keynesian welfare state or old labour where as liberal meritocrats consist of new right and liberal conservatives. In the other hand egalitarian communitarians holds old democratic socialists/ pre-war fabianism and radical communitarians and meritocratic communitarians. These elements of a welfare system began to be established after the 19th century in some parts of the western Europe. The government programmes were introduced to prevent or eliminate the hazards of the poverty or social deprivation. Social democracy was built after 2nd world war which is most commonly associated with the expansion of ideas in order to provide support for the welfare state of the people in the United Kingdom during the period of the post-war. With the combination of the welfare state services, democratic political institutions and distributive tax system leaded to the con temporary social policies.Show MoreRelatedEssay on social policy1190 Words   |  5 PagesLevel 4 HND Diploma In Health and Social Care Student Name Unit 7: Social Policy Assessor name: Christine Pratt Date of Issue Completion date 27/01/2014 07/03/2014 Student No. Submitted on Assignment title Learning Outcome Learning outcome Assessment criteria LO1 Understand the significant historical and contemporary landmarks in social welfare provision 1.1 Understand the origins of social policies 2.1 Analyse the processes involvedRead MoreAmerican Social Policy And Social Change Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesHere in the United States, disputes about the axiological restructuring of American social policy and social change are at the forefront of our policymaking, and one can assume it will remain so for the anticipated future. 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Firstly, this essay will explore what social policy is and how it is used when it comes to children and their families, then itRead MorePolicy Analysis : Social Learning And Instrumental Learning801 Words   |  4 PagesPolicy Analysis May (1992) harmonizes with Majone and Wildavsky (1984) on the fact that policy learning is desired for policy debate as analysis. Based on the information provided by Majone and Wildavsky (1984), the process of policy analysis should lead to a more sophisticated comprehension of public policies. Founding on this, public administrators can learn through engaging in the policy analysis and use this information to influence and inform future policies. May (1992) elucidates that thereRead MoreSocial Welfare Policy Analysis For Social Workers Essay926 Words   |  4 Pages Plan to Influence Policy In order to conduct meaningful change and to be effective in influencing policy, there must be a well thought out plan in place. 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Nursing Essay Devotion and Skill

Question: Discuss the Nursing Essay for Devotion and Skill. Answer: Nursing is an art of serving the diseased with generosity. I believe nursing is an art, as it requires great amount of devotion and skill. An artist is the one who generates life to an inanimate piece. Nurses are like the artists who promote quality of life into living bodies. I believe nursing is a noble profession with high values and beliefs. It is giving respect to the sick, understanding the concerns, priorities and wishes. It is proving care to a fellow human being. It is about the belief that the patient knows himself the best and let him be at the leading part. Nursing values consistency and timeliness. It carries greater responsibility towards the patients recovery and values the accessibility to the services without any discrimination. I see myself as a dedicated and compassionate nursing professional in the honorable sector of healthcare serving the ill with patience and empathy. Standards of nursing practices have prominent significance on practical nursing profession. The nursing standard of practice is describes as an art in American Nurses Association. It includes client focused practice, ethical practice, professional practice and professional relationship. The guidelines also say comprehensive assessment, identification of the diagnoses, anticipation of the outcomes, strategic treatment planning for treatment and their implementation to facilitate safe healthcare practices. The guidelines are framed to guide the registered nursing professionals about their duties and are expected to follow them competently. The laid standards are completely relevant to my philosophy regarding nursing. I feel nursing profession holds a great responsibility of caring and curing. Hence, standard guidelines are required for proper assessment, disease identification, appropriate treatment and speedy recovery. Nursing involves both personal as well as professional values. I personally value honesty and sense of responsibility in a noble profession like nursing. Nursing as a profession inculcates in me the values of dignity towards humanity and maintaining neutrality in serving the sufferer. My personal and professional value has a positive impact on my nursing philosophy. I believe nursing is serving the ailing honestly and be responsible to the duties and the life of the patient who has a trust in the provider. I feel respecting the feelings of the patients and serving the diseased equally justifies the greatness of the profession.

Fraternities And Gang Rape Essay Example For Students

Fraternities And Gang Rape Essay Of the 24 documented cases of alleged gang rape by college students in the past 10 years, fraternity men perpetrated 13. The problem of group sexual assault on college campuses mainly occurs in an environment where group behavior and acceptance is important to the men involved, i.e. fraternities (Bechhofer Parrot 144). Looking at the environment surrounding this type of group one can see what causes the prevalence of this type of assault in fraternities. Why does this violence occur within these groups and how is it handled? The dynamics involved in the fraternitys system causes a group-think mentality that promotes and sometimes causes group sexual assault. This group influence, along with the fraternitys selection of men and their adherence to traditional sex role stereotypes reinforces myths of acceptable behavior in men and women and how these play a role concerning consequences. Specific dynamics come into play when discussing how groups of people who might not otherwise act in dividually take part in sexual assaults with other members of their group. The theory of diffusion of responsibility suggests that in situations where the presence of others acting in a similar fashion diminishes the feeling of responsibility any individual feels for the harmful consequences of his or her own behavior (Bechhofer Parrot ed. 147-148). With respect to fraternities, the brother feels less like his own self and more like he is just participating in something that all his brothers are doing as well. They share the blame. A fraternity brother begins to think of the activity as something his brothers are doing and joins in under the influence of a shared activity. Other things may play into the idea that the assailant is not acting alone and is not solely responsible for his actions. Deindividuation is a theory of group behavior that refers to a state of loss of self-awareness, including awareness of ones beliefs, attitudes, and self-standards. This promotes group spirit. In fraternities, Alcohol is used to get group consensus by allowing an escape from ones self-consciousness. Group loyalty will also cause people in a group to deindividualize by taking on the groups identity (Bechhofer ; Parrot 148). In an environment such as a fraternity where incoming pledges are looking to be accepted by a group of men who have the power to reject them, they are greatly influenced by the behavior of the group. Modeling can become a factor in making sexual assault seen as something that is acceptable. Not only does it give the information to the member, it at times shows them how it is done. This can be very influential to incoming members who see fraternities as social leaders and may not question their behavior. Along with these dynamics of group behavior, there are significant attitudes present in the fraternity environment that breeds sexual violence. Sex-roles play an important part in fraternities and how and what is expected from women and men. Peggy Reeves Sanday, suggests that there are Rape-free and Rape prone societies, and fraternities fit the mark for attitudes in a Rape-prone environment. Sanday states that,A rape-prone society is one in which the incidence of rape is reported by observers to be high, or rape is excused a ceremonial expression of masculinity, or rape is an act by which men are allowed to punish or threaten women. (Sanday, VIOLENCE p. 193) Fraternities can be an example of this type of environment. Sanday also suggests that these men fall into the Western cultural myth that man is an animal that evolved with his dominance over women. These men see themselves as being powerful and privileged in their situation as a brother, as well as in being a man in general. Playing out this traditional misogynistic view rationalizes a boys will be boys attitude that, as will be looked at later, affects how this behavior is seen by the community (Sanday 193). The types of men selected to become members of the fraternities reinforce the behaviors and ideas of powerful macho men and perpetuate the cycle of behavior. Fraternities attract a certain type of male, more insecure than average: men whose psychological and social bonds to parents, especially their mothers, have not yet been broken (Hirsch 53). These insecure men tend to find the fraternity life attractive, it allows them to find an identity within the group. Initiation rituals for pledges that wish to join the fraternity back up the misogynistic and unequal views on the masculine and feminine. Sanday states that:The ritual produces anxiety by representing the feminine to the pledge as both dirty and as part of his subjectivity. The ritual then resolves the anxiety by cleansing the pledge of his supposed feminine identification and promising him a lifelong position in a purified male social order. (Sanday 171)These rituals often involve the violent abuse of pledges, therefor showing them that this type of violence against those who are being submissive (pledges), is an integral part of their bonding. Out of this feeling of superiority and power that the members get from being in their privileged male status, a sexual double arises. Men are predators who are rewarded for their conquests; women on the other hand are punished either way. One Greek man stated that, Women who sleep around are sluts and get bad reputations; men who do are champions and get a pat on the back from their brothers. Greek men have also stated that they feel pressure to disrespect women when they are in the group (Boswell 141). Boswell states that fraternity men usually treat the girlfriends of members with more respect (138). This can be linked to the fact that they are already possessed by a man, whereas the girls with out boyfriends must be looking for a man. The idea that men must act out their sexual urges and women should remain passive and naive about sex is accepted and can be used against an assaulted victim if it goes to trial. A Tale Of Two Cities Theme EssayMany rituals in fraternities are done for the bond of the brothers, yet certain behaviors are extreme to separate any confusion of their heterosexuality, especially when it is a bunch of men living together. In party sexual activities, Sanday suggests that fraternity brothers split lust from love. She states that:Such a split is necessary for homophobic men living in groups structured by ties demanding mutual loyalty. These men must be careful not to act out sexual feelings for a loved brother lest it compromise their status as privileged, heterosexual males, nor can they show loyalty or love for a party woman lest this weaken the fraternal bond. (Sanday 37)The idea of fraternal bond as a male power transfers the act of gang rape not into a masculine claiming of power and dominance of women. Women being seen as those who are weak and need to be dominated. This motivation as well as the overall idea that women want it is underline in our culture and s ystem and have made it difficult for the prosecution of gang rapes. Many often lead to victim blaming and an idea that fraternity men have a sort of status in society, mostly coming from middle to upper class homes. The act of victim blaming comes up with gang rape, as well as many other rape cases. The fraternity gang rape cases are particularly hard due to a lack of concern from the University Officials. Usually no action is taken so that the University can look good. The Universitys actions were so mild in one rape case that the faculty put together a committee to investigate the proceedings. They learned that the mild sanctions placed on the six fraternity members who raped a student included, writing assignments, discussions, and community service. This was supposed to make the respondents understand why their actions were wrong and to foster their development as mature and responsible adults (Sanday 77). The mild punishment that was given to these men can be seen in many other instances of rape trials, where the women ends up on trial instead of the man or men who raped her. In an Michigan State University rape in 1984 where seven college students were tried for 3rd degree sexual assault of a 17-year-old MSU student in a dormitory. Five defense attorneys each displayed the victims jeans and football jersey before the court and asked why she wasnt wearing a bra when she went to the party (Bechhofer Parrot ed. 140). As Sanday states, By blaming women for provoking male sexual aggression, women are controlled through the agency of fear. This causes an aggressive attitudes in men and a passive, fearful attitude in women (89). This then keeps the gender hierarchy in check. The problem of gang rape in fraternities around the country is one that needs to be seen through the workings of an intricate system of values and beliefs. The facts that these men live in confined quarters together and have certain beliefs of power, privilege, and loyalty to their brothers, causes attitudes of misogyny and violent behavior toward women. The dynamics of group behavior as well as the environment that is created by many people with these beliefs living together and choosing new members, perpetuates this cycle of violence. BibliographyBechhofer, Laurie and Andrea Parrot ed. Acquaintance Rape: The Hidden Crime. John Wiley Sons, New York. 1991. Boeringer, Scott B. Influences of fraternity membership, athletics and male living arrangements of sexual aggression. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, V.2, NO.2, JUNE, pp. 134-147; 1996. ISSN: 1077-8012Boswell, A. Ayres; Spade, Joan Z. Fraternities and collegiate rape culture: Why are some fraternities more dangerous places for women? GENDER SOCIETY, V.10, NO.2, APRIL, pp. 133-147 1996. ISSN: 0891-2432Cook, Sarah L. Acceptance and expectation of sexual aggression in college students. PSYCHOLOGY OF WOMEN QUARTERLY, V.19, NO.2, JUNE, pp. 181-194; 1995 ISSN: 0361-6843Hirsch, Kathleen. Fraternities of fearGang rape, male bonding, and the silencing of women. Ms.; Vol. 1; pp. 52-6; S-O 1990. Hummer, Robert A. and Patricia Yancey Martin. Fraternities and Rape on Campus. Violence Against Women the Bloody Footprints. Ed. Pauline B. Bart and Eileen Geil Moran. California: SAGE Publications, Inc., 1993. 114-129. Koss, Mary P.; Cleveland III, Hobart H. Commentary: Athletic participation, fraternity membership, anddate rape: The question remainsself-selection or different causal processes? VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN,V.2, NO.2, JUNE, pp. 180-190; 1996. ISSN: 1077-8012Sanday, Peggy Reeves. Fraternity gang rape: sex, brotherhood, and privilege on campus. New York: NewYork University Press, c1990. Sanday, Peggy Reeves Commentary: Rape-prone versus rape-free campus cultures. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, V.2, NO.2, JUNE, pp. 191-208; 1996. ISSN 1077-8012Schwartz, Martin D.; Nogrady, Carol A. Fraternity membership, rape myths, and sexual aggression on a college campus. VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN, V.2, NO.2, JUNE, pp. 148-162; 1996. ISSN: 1077-8012